Bothrops lanceolatus Anhang
http://www.narayana-verlag.de/homoeopathie/pdf/Die-Schlangenmittel-in-der-Homoeopathie-Massimo-Mangialavori.04117_1.pdf
[Farokh Master]
Gemüt:
• Vorahnung/Anspannung die vom Magen ausgeht (Kali-c. Phos.)
• gewissenhaft peinlich genau in Bezug auf Kleinigkeiten
• Rastlosigkeit (mehr innerlich als äußerlich) bevor ein Schlaganfall oder eine Thrombose auftreten
• Es ist möglich dass der Patient im Unterbewusstsein weiß dass ein Schlaganfall droht.
• sehr rechthaberische Persönlichkeit mit einer sturen Eigenwilligkeit (Anac. Thuj.)
• schweigsam
Allgemeines
• schwarze Verfärbung äußerer Körperteile (Cupr-met. Verat.)
• Karies und Nekrose der Knochen
• Absonderungen sind schwarz dunkel flüssig übelriechend und treten eher passiv aus; färben die betroffenen Körperstellen in der Regel schwarz
• große Abgeschlagenheit und Trägheit die hauptsächlich von einer latenten Depression herrührt die durch extreme körperliche oder seelische Belastung entstanden ist
• Blutungen aus allen Körperöffnungen wenn das Blut schwarz (Croc. Sul-ac.) und flüssig ist + äußerst großer Abgeschlagenheit Erschöpfung Schwäche und Lähmung
• Hypercholesterinämie
• postoperative Thrombophlebitis (Hippoz. Lycps-v. Vip.)
• rechtsseitige Beschwerden insbesondere hinsichtlich rechtem Cortex rechter Seite der Leber Appendix rechtem Arm und rechtem Bein usw.
• scharfe schneidende und lanzinierende Schmerzen die beim Patienten ein Schaudern (Aran. Kali-n.) verursachen; die Schmerzen werden < Bewegung
• Affinität mit dem Erregungsleitungssystem des Herzens; führt zu beschleunigtem unregelmäßigem und langsamen Puls (Kalm. Verat-v.)
• Neigung zu Thrombose (Kali-ch. Kali-m. Vip.); thromboembolisches Geschehen in Arterien wie z.B. Arteria carotis Arteria cerebrale Arteria coronaria usw. das zu Hemiplegie Monoplegie oder Tetraplegie führen kann
• neigt zur Sepsis
• Schwäche Müdigkeit und Schläfrigkeit; Schwäche nach Durchfall
Schwindel:
• gutartiger lagerungsbedingter Schwindel aufgrund unzureichender zerebraler Durchblutung (ältere Menschen) (Ambr. Bar-c. Sin-n.) was zu einem permanenten Schwindelgefühl führt welches durch das Tragen von Gegenständen auf dem Kopf beim Anheben der Arme über Schulterhöhe < körperlicher Anstrengung/umdrehend
im Bett; der ganze Raum scheint sich zu drehen (Con. Cycl.)
Kopf:
• Beschwerden durch Kopfverletzungen (Cic. Hell.)
• zerebrale Blutungen auf die Hemiplegie und Koma folgen
• leichte Kopfschmerzen aufgrund eines subduralen Hämatoms (Bell. Cocc. Op.) und primärer Hypertonie bei älteren Menschen
• Migräne vorwiegend r. auftritt und sich dann zum Hinterkopf hin verlagert (Carbn-s. Gels. Glon. Jug-c.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• CT-Scan: zerebrale Infarkte lakunäre Infarkte Subarachnoidalblutung zerebrale Hämatome Subduralhämatome und Hirnödem
Augen:
• Sehverlust durch Netzhauteinblutungen (Crot-h. Lach. Prun.)
• bohrende Schmerzen im rechten Auge < nach dem Essen
• Tagesblindheit (Mang-met. Stram.) kann nach Sonnenaufgang kaum sehen
• diabetische Retinopathie (Dub. Lach. Merc-c. Phos.) mit entzündlichen Exsudaten und Neuwucherung von Blutgefäßen was zu einem schweren Verlust des Sehvermögens führen kann vor allem abends (Phos.) und in der Dämmerung (Lyc.)
• Migräne im Bereich des Nervus ophthalmicus des rechten Auges < nach dem Essen
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Angiografie: massive Thrombose der Arteria centralis retinae
• Einblutungen der Bindehaut
• Funduskopie: Exsudate; Atrophie des Nervus opticus
Nase:
• Nasenbluten (Bry. Lach. Puls. Senec.) anstelle der Menses oder vor Beginn (Bar-c. Ip. Lach. Nat-s. Verat.); < morgens beim Erwachen
Mund:
• Sprache: mangelhafte Aussprache Stottern oder Unfähigkeit sich zu artikulieren ohne dass Erkrankungen der Zunge vorliegen
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Lähmung der Zunge (Cur. Plb-met.)
• Der hintere Teil der Zunge ist mit einem schweren braunen pelzigen Belag bedeckt (Bapt. Gels.)
• Zunge ist rissig und mit quer verlaufenden Furchen (Cob-met.) durchzogen
Gesicht:
Untersuchungsbefunde
• schwarze oder blaue Verfärbung
• benebelter/benommener Gesichtsausdruck (Bapt. Gels.)
• Kiefersperre
• aufgedunsen (Apis Ars. Bov.)
Hals:
• Trockenheit
• „Als ob der Hals zusammengeschnürt“ kann deshalb nicht schlucken insbesondere keine Flüssigkeiten (Lyss. Stram. Upa.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• gerötet
• Lähmung des IX. und X. Hirnnervs
Magen:
• Vorahnung/Anspannung in der Magengegend (Dig. Mez.) zu Beginn der Menses; dieses Gefühl wird von innerem Zittern begleitet.
• übermäßiges Erbrechen infolge von Gastritis und Übersäuerung des Magens; schwarzes Erbrechen (Cadm-s. Sec.) Hämatemesis
• neigt zu Anspannung und Vorahnung vor einem Schlaganfall einem Herzinfarkt oder zu Beginn der Menses
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Gastroskopie: Gastritis Ulkus Krebs und Adenom
Abdomen:
• Blähungen und Völlegefühl nach dem Essen
• inneres Zittern (Iod. Staph.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Aszites
• paralytischer Ileus (Op. Plb-met.)
• Blähsucht
Rektum:
• Schwächegefühl ausgelöst durch Durchfall (Ars. Chin.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Meläna (Teerstuhl) durch Blutungen im Verdauungstrakt (Ars. Lach.) die von entzündlichen Veränderungen in den Peyer-Plaques verursacht werden oder auf perforierte Geschwüre im Duodenum (Prot.) zurückzuführen sind (Endoskopie)
Harnwege:
• Blut im Urin
• ständiger Drang zu urinieren (Equis-h. Stry.) aber keine Erleichterung durch Wasserlassen (Coli.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Urin: Erythrozyten ++
Weibliche Genitalien:
• Neigung zur Menorrhagie während der Menopause (Sabin. Ust.) mit heftigem Beklemmungsgefühl in der Brust welches durch den Fluss der Menses gebessert wird
Atemwege:
• Lungenstauung mit unterdrückter Atmung (Phos.) und reichlich blutigem Auswurf
Untersuchungsbefunde
• reichlich blutiger Auswurf (Anag. Cur.)
• Röntgen: Lungenödem Pneumonitis
Brust:
Herz-Kreislauf-System
• dumpfe Schmerzen im Herzbereich beim Erwachen aus dem Schlaf die zur linken Achselhöhle hin ausstrahlen (Lat-m.) < zwischen 4 – 5 h.
• Schmerzen im Präkordium insbesondere beim Erwachen aus dem Schlaf
• persistierender Bluthochdruck (nach einem Schlaganfall) (Fum-ac. Toxo-g.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Zyanose
• EKG: Veränderungen der ST-Strecke und der T-Welle
• Puls: abwechselnd schnell und langsam
Extremitäten:
• Tendenz zu schweren nekrotischen Veränderungen in den Knochen (Ang. Nat-sil-f. Fl-ac.) aufgrund heftiger Infektionen wie z.B. Gangrän Osteomyelitis Septikämie usw.
• unerträgliche Schmerzen im rechten großen Zeh (Gicht oder Ischämie der Arteria tibialis anterior)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• gesteigerte tiefe Sehnenreflexe (Lath. Op. Plb-met.)
• Steifheit (Caust. Plb-met.)
• Lähmung der Extremitäten: Hemiplegie (mit Aphasie) Paraplegie und Tetraplegie
• Schwellung des gelähmten Körperteils
Schweiß:
• kalt und klebrig (Ant-t. Op.)
Haut:
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Lymphangitis
• Purpura (Led. Ter.)
• Schwellung
• Neigung zu Karbunkeln (Anthraci.)
Die Lanzenotter:
Bothrops lanceolatus findet man von Mexiko bis Brasilien und auf vielen Westindischen Inseln.
Diese Schlange kann bis zu 2 m lang werden und lebt in Wäldern und in der Nähe von fließenden Gewässern. Die ausgewachsenen Tiere bevorzugen feuchtes Gebüsch, wo sie sich jedoch ausschließlich auf dem Boden aufhalten, während die Jungtiere auch auf Bäume klettern.
Die Beobachtung Lazells, dass die Zeichnungen häufig undeutlich seien und zur Mitte hin gänzlich fehlen, ist auch auf Dr. Etienne Rufzs Titelbild von 1859 zu sehen. Auf besagtem
Titelbild ist eine dunkel gefärbte Schlange abgebildet, bei der ein Melanismus mit Verdunkelung der Zeichnungen zu erkennen ist, wie man sie auch bei den dunkleren Varianten der Klapperschlangen Crotalus viridis und Crotalus horridus vorfindet.
Wie dem auch sei, es gibt durchaus auch Artgenossen mit heller Färbung und gut erkennbarer Zeichnung. Die Musterung der Bothrops lanceolatus kann aufgrund ontogenetischer Veränderungen und Sexualdimorphismus äußerst vielfältig sein. Bereits Rufz beschrieb sieben Farbvarianten und bemerkte, dass es regionale Unterschiede gibt (K.L Gosner, 1987,
Journal of Herpetology, Observations on Lesser Antillean Pit Vipers,
Vol. 21, Nr. 1, Seite 78–80).
Der Name lanceolatus wird von der flachen Kopfform der Schlange abgeleitet, die sich lanzenförmig zuspitzt. Um Feinde zu vertreiben, schlägt diese Schlangenart mit dem Schwanz sehr schnell auf den Boden und verursacht damit ein äußert beunruhigendes Geräusch.
Beim Zubeißen öffnet die Gelbe Viper ihr Maul extrem weit. Das Gift ist -ähnlich wie das von Crotalus horridus- hochgiftig.
Es bringt das Blut zum Gerinnen und ist hämo- und neurotoxisch. In Ruhephasen rollt sich die Schlange ringförmig zusammen, mit dem Kopf in der Mitte. Wird sie gestört, streckt sie sich der Länge nach aus und greift blitzschnell an, um sich dann wieder zurückzuziehen und einzuringeln.. Gehört zu den sehr fruchtbaren Schlangenarten, die Weibchen bringen ca. 70 lebende Jungtiere zur Welt. Die jungen Schlangen ernähren sich von Fröschen, die ausgewachsenen Tiere von kleinen Säugern.
T. F. Allen in „Encyclopedia of Pure Materia Medica“ erwähnt folgende Information. Dr. Ch. Ozanam veröffentlichte einen Artikel in L’Art Med. (Vol. 19, Seite 116) mit der Überschrift
„A Collection of cases (15) and general observations on the effect of the bite“, in dem er aus Dr. Etienne Rufzs Werk „Enquête sur le serpent de la Martinique“ (1859) zitiert.
Leitsymptome
• diagonaler Verlauf der Symptome, z.B.. oben links und unten rechts (Agar. Led. Rhus-t. Tarax.) oder oben rechts und unten links (Ambr. Phos. Sul-ac.)
• Völleempfinden und das Gefühl einer Schwellung in verschiedenen Körperteilen, wie z. B. im Kopf, in der Brust und im Abdomen; dieses Gefühl führt zu permanenter Ruhelosigkeit.
• Gedächtnisstörungen nach Apoplex oder TIAs
• Der Patient macht Fehler beim Sprechen, er sucht z.B.. nach Worten.
• Sprachstörungen als Folge eines ischämischen Vorfalls im Gehirn, die von einer langsamen, unverständlichen und verwirrten Sprache bis zur völligen Aphasie reichen können.
• starke Vorahnung (Anh. Med.), + einer angespannten Ruhelosigkeit, die einem Schlaganfall, einer Thrombose oder einer hypertensiven Krise vorausgeht. Dies führt bei dem Patienten zu einem unguten, angespannten Gefühl im Kopf, in der Brust und im Magen. Dies wiederum veranlasst den Patienten, hin und her zu laufen, oder er entwickelt eine starke Angst und sitzt still in der Ecke.
• Neigung, verschiedene Arten von Gangrän zu entwickeln (Carb-an. Helo-s.) wie z.B.. trockene Gangrän, nässende Gangrän und Gasbrand.
• Die Gangrän breitet sich sehr schnell aus und führt zu massiver Zerstörung des benachbarten Gewebes, einschließlich Muskeln, Sehnen, Knochen usw. (Hier handelt es sich um ein charakteristisches Merkmal der Schlangenmittel.). Das Blut, das aus der betroffenen Stelle austritt, ist dunkel, übelriechend und kann unter Umständen in Strahlen herausspritzen (Lyc.).
• Allgemeine < durch Essen (Sulph. Zinc-met.),z.B. treten eine Thrombose, ein Schlaganfall oder ein Herzinfarkt typischerweise nach einer Mahlzeit auf.
Gemüt:
• Vorahnung/Anspannung geht vom Magen ausgeht (Kali-c. Phos.)
• Gewissenhaft, peinlich genau in Bezug auf Kleinigkeiten
• Rastlosigkeit (mehr innerlich als äußerlich), bevor ein Schlaganfall oder eine Thrombose auftreten
• Es ist möglich, dass der Patient im Unterbewusstsein weiß, dass ein Schlaganfall droht.
• Sehr rechthaberische Persönlichkeit mit einer sturen Eigenwilligkeit (Anac. Thuj.)
• schweigsam
Allgemeines:
• Schwarze Verfärbung äußerer Körperteile (Cupr-met. Verat.)
• Karies und Nekrose der Knochen
• Absonderungen sind schwarz, dunkel, flüssig, übelriechend und treten eher passiv aus; färben die betroffenen Körperstellen in der Regel schwarz
• Große Abgeschlagenheit und Trägheit, die hauptsächlich von einer latenten Depression herrührt, die durch extreme körperliche oder seelische Belastung entstanden ist
• Blutungen aus allen Körperöffnungen, wenn das Blut schwarz (Croc. Sul-ac.) und flüssig ist, + äußerst großer Abgeschlagenheit, Erschöpfung, Schwäche und Lähmung
• Hypercholesterinämie
• Postoperative Thrombophlebitis (Hippoz. Lycps-v. Vip.)
• rechtsseitige Beschwerden (rechtem Cortex, rechter Seite der Leber, Appendix, rechtem Arm und rechtem Bein usw.
• scharfe, schneidende und lanzinierende Schmerzen, die beim Patienten ein Schaudern (Aran. Auph. Kali-n.) verursachen; die Schmerzen werden < durch Bewegung
• Affinität mit dem Erregungsleitungssystem des Herzens; führt zu beschleunigtem, unregelmäßigem und langsamen Puls (Kalm. Verat-v.)
• Neigung zu Thrombose (Kali-ch. Kali-m. Vip.); thromboembolisches Geschehen in Arterien, wie z.B.. Arteria carotis, Arteria cerebrale, Arteria coronaria usw., das zu Hemiplegie, Monoplegie oder Tetraplegie führen kann
• Neigt zur Sepsis
• Schwäche, Müdigkeit und Schläfrigkeit; Schwäche nach Durchfall
Schwindel:
• gutartiger lagerungsbedingter Schwindel aufgrund unzureichender zerebraler Durchblutung (älteren Menschen) (Ambr. Bar-c. Sin-n.) was zu einem permanenten Schwindelgefühl führt, welches durch das Tragen von Gegenständen auf dem Kopf, beim Anheben der Arme über Schulterhöhe, bei körperlicher Anstrengung oder < umdrehend im Bett; der ganze Raum scheint sich zu drehen (Con. Cycl.)
Weitere wichtige Symptome
Kopf:
• Beschwerden durch Kopfverletzungen (Cic. Hell.)
• Zerebrale Blutungen, auf die Hemiplegie und Koma folgen
• Leichte Kopfschmerzen aufgrund eines subduralen Hämatoms (Bell. Cocc. Op.) und primärer Hypertonie bei älteren Menschen
• Migräne, die vorwiegend rechts auftritt und sich dann zum Hinterkopf hin verlagert (Carbn-s. Gels. Glon. Jug-c.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• CT-Scan: zerebrale Infarkte, lakunäre Infarkte, Subarachnoidalblutung, zerebrale Hämatome, Subduralhämatome und Hirnödem
Augen:
• Sehverlust durch Netzhauteinblutungen (Crot-h. Lach. Prun.)
• Bohrende Schmerzen im rechten Auge, < nach dem Essen
• Tagesblindheit (Mang-met. Stram.), kann nach Sonnenaufgang kaum sehen
• Diabetische Retinopathie (Dub. Lach. Merc-c. Phos.) mit entzündlichen Exsudaten und Neuwucherung von Blutgefäßen, was zu einem schweren Verlust des Sehvermögens führen kann, vor allem abends (Phos.) und in der Dämmerung (Lyc.)
• Migräne im Bereich des Nervus ophthalmicus des rechten Auges, < nach dem Essen
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Angiografie: massive Thrombose der Arteria centralis retinae
• Einblutungen der Bindehaut
• Funduskopie: Exsudate; Atrophie des Nervus opticus
Nase:
• Nasenbluten (Bry. Lach. Puls. Senec.) anstelle der Menses oder vor Beginn (Bar-c. Ip. Lach. Nat-s. Verat.); < morgens erwachend
Mund:
• Mangelhafte Aussprache,
Stottern oder Unfähigkeit, sich zu artikulieren, ohne dass Erkrankungen der Zunge vorliegen
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Lähmung der Zunge (Cur. Plb-met.)
• Der hintere Teil der Zunge ist mit einem schweren, braunen, pelzigen Belag bedeckt (Bapt. Gels.)
• Zunge ist rissig und mit quer verlaufenden Furchen (Cob-met.) durchzogen
Gesicht:
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Schwarze oder blaue Verfärbung
• Benebelter/benommener Gesichtsausdruck (Bapt. Gels.)
• Kiefersperre
• aufgedunsen (Apis, Ars. Bov.)
Hals:
• Trockenheit
• „Als sei der Hals zusammengeschnürt“, kann deshalb nicht schlucken (keine Flüssigkeiten) (Lyss. Stram. Upa.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• gerötet
• Lähmung des IX. und X. Hirnnervs
Magen:
• Vorahnung/Anspannung in der Magengegend (Dig. Mez.) zu Beginn der Menses; wird von innerem Zittern begleitet.
• Übermäßiges Erbrechen infolge von Gastritis und Übersäuerung des Magens; schwarzes Erbrechen (Cadm-s. Sec.),
Hämatemesis
• Neigt zu Anspannung und Vorahnung vor einem Schlaganfall, einem Herzinfarkt oder zu Beginn der Menses
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Gastroskopie: Gastritis, Ulkus, Krebs und Adenom
Abdomen:
• Blähungen und Völlegefühl nach dem Essen
• Inneres Zittern (Iod. Staph.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Aszites
• Paralytischer Ileus (Op. Plb-met.)
• Blähsucht
Rektum:
• Schwächegefühl ausgelöst durch Durchfall (Ars. Chin.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Meläna (Teerstuhl) durch Blutungen im Verdauungstrakt (Ars. Lach.), die von entzündlichen Veränderungen in den Peyer-Plaques verursacht werden oder auf perforierte Geschwüre im Duodenum (Prot.) zurückzuführen sind (Endoskopie)
Harnwege:
• Blut im Urin
• Ständiger Drang, zu urinieren (Equis-h. Stry.), aber keine Erleichterung durch Wasserlassen (Coli.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Urin: Erythrozyten ++
Weibliche Genitalien:
• Neigung zur Menorrhagie während der Menopause (Sabin. Ust.) mit heftigem Beklemmungsgefühl in der Brust, > den Fluss der Menses.
• Lungenstauung mit unterdrückter Atmung (Phos.) und reichlich blutigem Auswurf
Untersuchungsbefunde
• reichlich blutiger Auswurf (Anag. Cur.)
• Röntgen: Lungenödem, Pneumonitis Herz-Kreislauf-System
• dumpfe Schmerzen im Herzbereich beim Erwachen aus dem Schlaf, die zur linken Achselhöhle hin ausstrahlen (Lat-m.), < 4 – 5 h.
• Schmerzen im Präkordium, insbesondere beim Erwachen aus dem Schlaf
• Persistierender Bluthochdruck, sogar nach einem Schlaganfall (Fuma-ac. Toxo-g.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Zyanose
• EKG: Veränderungen der ST-Strecke und der T-Welle
• Puls: schnell # langsam
Extremitäten:
• Tendenz zu schweren nekrotischen Veränderungen in den Knochen (Ang. Nat-sil-f. Fl-ac.) aufgrund heftiger Infektionen wie z.B. Gangrän, Osteomyelitis, Septikämie usw.
• unerträgliche Schmerzen im rechten großen Zeh, verursacht durch Gicht oder Ischämie der Arteriatibialis anterior
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Gesteigerte tiefe Sehnenreflexe (Lath. Op. Plb-met.)
• Steifheit (Caust. Plb-met)
• Lähmung der Extremitäten: Hemiplegie (mit Aphasie), Paraplegie und Tetraplegie
• Schwellung des gelähmten Körperteils
Schweiß:
• Kalt und klebrig (Ant-t. Op.)
Haut:
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Lymphangitis
• Purpura (Led. Ter.)
• Schwellung
• Neigung zu Karbunkeln (Anthraci.)
[Otto Leeser M.D. Ph.D.]
Genus Bothrops represented by some 40 species in tropical America. The
name Bothrops lanceolatus refers to the 'fer-de-lance' of the isle of Martinique
but it is doubtful whether this species differs from Bothrops atrox.
There are no provings of the venom.
The effects of Bothrops venom chiefly on the blood and blood-vessels are
formidable.
In this the course of events appears to differ from that of Crotalus;
possibly the much higher coagulating power of Bothrops venom thus its tendency
to thrombotic and embolic processes has something to do with it.
While some of the paretic conditions described as consequences of
Bothrops bite are undoubtedly due to thrombo-embolic processes (a hemiplegia of
the r. side and inability to articulate without there being any affection of
the tongue it is not sure whether the same is true for other lesions within the
neuraxis). From experiments there is less evidence of a neurotoxic action from
Bothrops than from Crotalus terrificus terrificus but this assertion may not be
final. Blindness both immediately after the bite of Bothrops and a more
persistent one have been noted and in particular a "blindness" during
daytime only; the latter may well have been due to bleeding in the fovea
centralis retinae and the other amaurotic occurrences to embolism at other
sites in the optical apparatus. The same may apply to the observed paralysis of
one arm or one leg; a direct action of Bothrops venom on nerve cells cannot
however be excluded;
Gemüt:
• Vorahnung/Anspannung vom Magen ausgehend (Kali-c./Phos.)
• gewissenhaft peinlich genau in Bezug auf Kleinigkeiten
• Rastlosigkeit (mehr innerlich als äußerlich) bevor ein Schlaganfall oder eine Thrombose auftreten
• Es ist möglich dass der Patient im Unterbewusstsein weiß dass ein Schlaganfall droht.
• sehr rechthaberische Persönlichkeit mit einer sturen Eigenwilligkeit (Anac./Thuj.)
• schweigsam
Allgemeines:
• schwarze Verfärbung äußerer Körperteile (Cupr./Verat.)
• Karies und Nekrose der Knochen
• Absonderungen sind schwarz dunkel flüssig übelriechend und treten eher passiv aus; färben die betroffenen Körperstellen in der Regel schwarz
• große Abgeschlagenheit und Trägheit die hauptsächlich von einer latenten Depression herrührt die durch extreme körperliche oder seelische Belastung entstanden ist
• Blutungen aus allen Körperöffnungen wenn das Blut schwarz (Croc./Sul-ac.) und flüssig ist + äußerst großer Abgeschlagenheit Erschöpfung Schwäche und Lähmung
• Hypercholesterinämie
• postoperative Thrombophlebitis (Hippoz./Lycps-v./Vip.)
• rechtsseitige Beschwerden insbesondere Cortex/Leber/Appendix/Arm/Bein usw.
• scharfe schneidende und lanzinierende Schmerzen die beim Patienten ein Schaudern (Aran./Kali-n.) verursachen < Bewegung
• Affinität mit dem Erregungsleitungssystem des Herzens; führt zu beschleunigtem unregelmäßigem und langsamen Puls (Kalm./Verat-v.)
• Neigung zu Thrombose (Kali-ch./Kali-m./Vip.); thromboembolisches Geschehen in Arterien das zu Hemi-/Mono-/Tetraplegie führen kann
• neigt zur Sepsis.
• Schwäche (nach Durchfall)/Müdigkeit und Schläfrigkeit;
Schwindel:
• gutartiger lagerungsbedingter Schwindel aufgrund unzureichender zerebraler Durchblutung (ältere Menschen) (Ambr./Bar-c./Sin-n.) was zu einem permanenten Schwindelgefühl führt < tragen von Gegenständen auf dem Kopf beim Anheben der Arme über Schulterhöhe bei körperlicher Anstrengung oder beim Umdrehen im Bett; der ganze Raum scheint sich zu drehen (Con./Cycl.)
Kopf:
• Beschwerden durch Kopfverletzungen (Cic./Hell.)
• zerebrale Blutungen auf die Hemiplegie und Koma folgen
• leichte Kopfschmerzen aufgrund eines subduralen Hämatoms (Bell./Cocc./Op.) und primärer Hypertonie bei älteren Menschen
• Migräne die vorwiegend rechts auftritt und sich dann zum Hinterkopf hin verlagert (Carbn-s./Gels./Glon./Jug-c.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• CT-Scan: zerebrale Infarkte lakunäre Infarkte Subarachnoidalblutung zerebrale Hämatome Subduralhämatome und Hirnödem
Augen:
• Sehverlust durch Netzhauteinblutungen (Crot-h./Lach./Prun.)
• bohrende Schmerzen im rechten Auge < nach dem Essen
• Tagesblindheit (Mang./Stram.) kann nach Sonnenaufgang kaum sehen
• diabetische Retinopathie (Dub./Lach./Merc-c./Phos.) mit entzündlichen Exsudaten und Neuwucherung von Blutgefäßen was zu einem schweren Verlust des Sehvermögens führen kann vor allem abends (Phos.) und in der Dämmerung (Lyc.)
• Migräne im Bereich des Nervus ophthalmicus des rechten Auges < nach dem Essen
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Angiografie: massive Thrombose der Arteria centralis retinae
• Einblutungen der Bindehaut
• Funduskopie: Exsudate; Atrophie des Nervus opticus
Nase:
• Nasenbluten (Bry./Lach./Puls./Senec.) anstelle der Menses oder vor Beginn der Menses (Bar-c./Ip./Lach./Nat-s./Verat.); < morgens beim Erwachen
Mund:
• Sprache: mangelhafte Aussprache Stottern oder Unfähigkeit sich zu artikulieren ohne dass Erkrankungen der Zunge vorliegen
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Lähmung der Zunge (Cur./Plb.)
• Der hintere Teil der Zunge ist mit einem schweren braunen pelzigen Belag bedeckt (Bapt./Gels.)
• Zunge ist rissig und mit quer verlaufenden Furchen (Cob.) durchzogen
Gesicht:
Untersuchungsbefunde
• schwarze oder blaue Verfärbung
• benebelter/benommener Gesichtsausdruck (Bapt./Gels.)
• Kiefersperre
• aufgedunsen (Apis Ars./Bov.)
Hals:
• Trockenheit
• Gefühl als sei der Hals zusammengeschnürt kann deshalb nicht schlucken insbesondere keine Flüssigkeiten (Lyss./Stram./Upa.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• gerötet
• Lähmung des IX. und X. Hirnnervs
Magen:
• Vorahnung/Anspannung in der Magengegend (Dig./Mez.) zu Beginn der Menses + innerem Zittern
• übermäßiges Erbrechen infolge von Gastritis und Übersäuerung des Magens; schwarzes Erbrechen (Cadm-s./Sec.) Hämatemesis
• neigt zu Anspannung und Vorahnung vor einem Schlaganfall einem Herzinfarkt oder zu Beginn der Menses
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Gastroskopie: Gastritis Ulkus Krebs und Adenom
Abdomen:
• Blähungen und Völlegefühl nach dem Essen
• inneres Zittern (Iod./Staph.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Aszites
• paralytischer Ileus (Op./Plb-met.)
• Blähsucht
Rektum:
• Schwächegefühl ausgelöst durch Durchfall (Ars./Chin.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Meläna (Teerstuhl) durch Blutungen im Verdauungstrakt (Ars./Lach.) die von entzündlichen Veränderungen in den Peyer-Plaques verursacht werden oder auf perforierte Geschwüre
im Duodenum (Prot.) zurückzuführen sind (Endoskopie)
Harnwege:
• Blut im Urin
• ständiger Drang zu urinieren (Equis-h./Stry.) aber keine Erleichterung durch Wasserlassen (Coli.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Urin: Erythrozyten ++
Weibliche Genitalien
• Neigung zur Menorrhagie während der Menopause (Sabin./Ust.) mit heftigem Beklemmungsgefühl in der Brust welches durch den Fluss der Menses gebessert wird
Atemwege:
• Lungenstauung mit unterdrückter Atmung (Phos.) und reichlich blutigem Auswurf
Untersuchungsbefunde
• reichlich blutiger Auswurf (Anag./Cur.)
• Röntgen: Lungenödem Pneumonitis
Herz-Kreislauf-System
• dumpfe Schmerzen im Herzbereich beim Erwachen aus dem Schlaf die zur linken Achselhöhle hin ausstrahlen (Lat-m.) < 4 – 5 h.
• Schmerzen im Präkordium insbesondere beim Erwachen aus dem Schlaf
• persistierender Bluthochdruck sogar nach einem Schlaganfall (Fum-ac./Toxo-g.)
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Zyanose
• EKG: Veränderungen der ST-Strecke und der T-Welle
• Puls: abwechselnd schnell und langsam
Extremitäten
• Tendenz zu schweren nekrotischen Veränderungen in den Knochen (Ang./Nat-sil-f./Fl-ac.) aufgrund heftiger Infektionen wie z.B.. Gangrän Osteomyelitis Septikämie usw.
• unerträgliche Schmerzen im rechten großen Zeh verursacht durch Gicht oder Ischämie der Arteria tibialis anterior
Untersuchungsbefunde
• gesteigerte tiefe Sehnenreflexe (Lath./Op./Plb.)
• Steifheit (Caust./Plb.)
• Lähmung der Extremitäten: Hemiplegie (mit Aphasie) Paraplegie und Tetraplegie
• Schwellung des gelähmten Körperteils
Schweiß
• kalt und klebrig (Ant-t./Op.)
Haut
Untersuchungsbefunde
• Lymphangitis
• Purpura (Led./Ter.)
• Schwellung
• Neigung zu Karbunkeln (Anthraci.)
[Amati Holle]
Gelbe (super) „Buschmeister“
Wird in der Schulmedizin benutzt um Tromboseprobleme zu heilen.
Verflüssigt das Blut.
Dominanz. Kontrolle über Territorium.
Müssen mit ihren Feinden konkurrieren..
Versuchen zu beeindrucken um ihr Gefühl der Schutzlosigkeit zu verbergen. Opfer von Verrat sich betragen fühlen.
Spaltung in eine gesunde eine kranke Seite. Licht + Dunkel.
Ehrgeizig. Verteidigungsbedürfnis. Greifen sofort an. Wut.
Verschließt ihre Sinne: kann nicht mehr sehen sprechen ringt nach Worten. Sprechthemen. Vergesslich.
Einseitige Symptome. Lähmungen halbseitig. Schlaganfall.
Beklemmung. Hämorrhagie Blutungen der Augen. Photophobie.
Nekrose der Knochen. Gangrän. Eiternde Wunden.
Können sich nicht an Temperaturveränderungen anpassen.
Borderline
Gesichtsverfärbung dunkelrot
DD.: Lach
[Massimo Mangliavori]
http://www.narayana-verlag.de/homoeopathie/pdf/Die-Schlangenmittel-in-der-Homoeopathie-Massimo-Mangialavori.04117_1.pdf
A kind of super-Lachesis. It is more egotistic.
In this specific case the goal of this person’s existence is to
dominate.
And to do this in a very very powerful way.
Sometimes in an aggressive way.
It’s a very sycotic attitude.
“I want to reach this place”. Whatever is between me and that place has
to be erased or avoided.
This is an extremely aggressive animal.
It is not a naturally aggressive animal but it has a very strong sense
of its territory.
Whatever invades their territory must be erased.
But the snake’s territory is not a well defined area
It is not a square area but it is well-guarded.
In the specific case of Bothrops it is very prolific.
They have 20 - 25 babies every time.
In the area where Bothrops lives it is very dangerous.
They have a strong sense of territory and attack every possible enemy.
There are so many of them that if you go through a Bothrops forest you
are unlikely to come out alive.
The only difference between the newborn Bothrops and the old one is the
size.
There is no relationship to the parent.
There is no parenthood.
They come out of the egg and they are already in an adult state.
The size and colour are the only thing that distinguish their age. They
get darker and darker with age.
The poison of the snake is used in conventional medicine as an
anti-coagulant.
We have more or less two families of snakes: the Crotalus and the Elaps.
Crotalus is now considered the same family as the Vipera.
The less evolved snakes are the ones with no poison.
According to their evolution they become smaller and they have a poison.
A characteristic of all the snakes is that they only eat living animals.
They cannot eat anything that is not alive.
If you want to feed a snake with a dead animal you have to force feed it
or you have to make it warm and move it around so that it appears to be alive!
They also have to watch the face of their victim.
They are eaten head first.
This is why we say they have seduce their pray.
They have no legs but only eat animals that can run very fast like
rodents.
They need a different kind of strategy to put this little animal
directly into their mouth.
What is the sense of the poison?
One of the biggest problems for snakes (as for many animals) is the
problem of eating.
Whenever a snake eats he puts himself in a position of being completely
harmless.
They have to eat to survive but when they are digesting they almost
cannot move at all.
To catch their prey they have to come out of their hiding position and
may become prey themselves.
They also have a completely inelastic skin in comparison to other
animals.
This is the constriction issue.
For most animals the skin grows with the animal.
But not for snakes.
In the moment that they are ready to leave their skin their skin is too
tight so they get rid of the entire skin and make a new one.
For a snake it’s never a good idea to bite a big animal.
It’s only as an ultimate form of defence.
For them it’s not convenient to be seen or bite and lose so much poison.
It’s more easy for them to digest a mouse or other small animal.
Almost all the Crotalus have a rattle.
And most of them have teeth that can be moved and opened.
(This is not true for Lachesis even though it is a Crotalus. Called muta
is Lachesis muta because it does not rattle and is therefore ‘mute’.)
The main attitude of the Crotalus poison is to be haemolytic.
They kill the prey by destroying the red blood cells of these animals.
You die because your blood coagulates suddenly.
At the beginning of the bite you have a lot of bleeding but a few
seconds later your blood begins to ‘dry’ which is what causes you to die.
Bothropasi is used in conventional medicine to treat problems of
thrombosis:- it makes the blood much more fluid.
Bothrops is one of the most powerful and poisonous substances for human
tissue.
In the repertory there is lots of necrosis and destruction of tissue.
Caries necrosis: bones. {38> 65> 0} [36]
Discoloration: blackness of external parts gangrene. {34> 76> 0}
[36]
Inflammation: gangrenous. {16> 22> 0} [36]
WOUNDS: SUPPURATING: NECROSIS BEFORE. {0> 1> 0} [144]
The issue of dark spots on the skin is a common problem for all the
snakes.
You can have every kind of possible spot.
You have to consider the idea of appearance.
How are they seen or considered?
How do they appear to others?
This is one of the main issues for these people. It is much easier to
notice a snake person in a group than on his own.
They do whatever they can to appear as someone special:- complaining
being seductive being nice etc.
They often do something to be seen in a pleasant way or not.
This matter of discoloration is such a common issue.
The skin is often affected.
One of the most important strategies is seduction.
If their appearance is injured (due to their skin) this is a serious
issue.
For this case the fungus on his skin was a real problem.
Obviously there are lots of symptoms of haemorrhages:-
Hemorrhage: tendency or actual. {0> 29> 240} [36]
HEMORRHAGE: TENDENCY OR ACTUAL: CAPILLARIES. {0> 1> 0} [36]
Hemorrhage: tendency or actual: orifices from. {0> 3> 13}
Hemorrhage: tendency or actual: black. {7> 29> 0} [36]
Hemorrhage: tendency or actual: coagulate does not hemophilia. {0>
8> 76} [122]
Hemorrhage: tendency or actual: dark. {20> 39> 0} [171]
HEMORRHAGE: TENDENCY OR ACTUAL: RUSTY LOOKING. {0> 1> 0} [36]
Hemorrhage: tendency or actual: thin.
{1> 15> 0} [36]
INFILTRATION: BLOODY SERUM THROUGH
CELLULAR TISSUE. {0> 1> 0} [36]
However Massimo has lots of good cases of this remedy without the
haemorrhage.
It’s a serious clinical problem but is not at all compulsory.
There are many things that are more compulsory than this.
The attitude of paralysis is another one to underline:-
Paralysis: general. {20> 317> 0} [36]
Paralysis: one-sided hemiplegia. {1> 25> 103} [3070]
Paralysis: one-sided hemiplegia: apoplexy after. {13> 31> 0} [144]
Paralysis: right. {11> 25> 0} [36]
Paralysis: right: aphasia with. {1> 2> 0} [3070]
It’s not just paralysis from a physical point of view.
It’s common that when they are stuck or de-compensated their reaction is
to be completely blocked in their emotions and their behaviour.
We often think of the snakes as a very loquacious and talkative person.
But Massimo’s experience is that it doesn’t have to be like this at all.
It is common but not compulsory.
What is more important is that there are one-sided symptoms.
He presents it as something that is double.
One side is healthy and the other isn’t.
The snake venoms often a specific effect on the area of the brain
responsible for languages.
Paralysis: one-sided hemiplegia:
aphasia with. {0> 2> 0} [3070]
It is just as common to find someone who is not at all able to speak
mostly in a de-compensated state.
They are not able to speak at all.
Instead of saying that snakes are usually talkative and loquacious it’s
more precise to say that they have problems in the area of speaking. Many of
them use their language as a tool in their strategy of seductive.
Talk talking talks: indisposed to
desire to be silent taciturn. {12> 43> 233} [36]
There is often a problem with memory.
Mostly it’s a subjective feeling that their brain should be much sharper
than it is.
Mostly this is in the de-compensated state.
For them to be bright intelligent sharp etc. it is important for their
mind to be up to it!
Forgetfulness. {54> 204> 0} [122]
Forgetfulness: words while speaking of word hunting. {0> 5> 69}
[122]
For them this is a serious problem.
So whatever situation gives them the feeling that their brain is not
working as fast or as good as before they exaggerate it.
It is not an objective problem but a subjective issue and they complain
about it.
We know that Lachesis is often a good remedy for problems of the
menopause.
But it is more interesting to think what the meaning is for a Crotalus
structure to enter into the menopause.
If my body is my intelligence; the idea is that if I am young good
pretty and interesting then I can use all these tools together to seduce the
world and reach my goal.
The feeling of losing these kind of tools is losing the main weapons to
fulfil the strategy so it is critical.
Another common matter in every snake is the congestion: mainly in the
upper part of the body.
Pulsating beating throbbing. {68> 229> 0} [122]
Pulsating beating throbbing: temples. {27> 118> 0} [122]
It is like the issue of convulsions
in the Solanaceae.
Pulsating beating throbbing:
temples: blood vessels. {0> 4> 41} [122]
It is more common in Bothrops to see one-sided symptoms but remember
that the feeling of ½ of the body being sick and not the other one is much more
important.
For a child of four who grazes one knee their perception will be “How
strange that one knee is hurting and the other one not”.
There is a clear perception of being a double person in one; there are
two parts to the person.
The attitude of severe myopia is a common issue for Bothrops even in
adolescents.
In Massimo’s experience these problems of little haemorrhages in the
eyes are common problem for this remedy. Or even just weak blood vessels in the
eyes.
In Vipera if you have an injury in your leg you get a big ecchymosis.
For Bothrops a small injury in the eye will create a big haemorrhage in
the eye.
In almost all of Massimo’s cases the photophobia was really strong.
Dim: sunlight agg. {0> 2> 2}
The idea of competing with a lot of enemies is a very very strong issue.
The feeling of being able to defend yourself is much stronger in
Bothrops than in other snakes.
The delusion of clones to protect himself is interesting.
It is so egoistic!
They can only ‘have sex’ with themselves to reproduce.
It is a typical issue of Bothrops because it’s the perfect army.
“If I can be a General and trust all my soldiers because they are me
then this is the best army in the world and it is the perfect solution.”
To be at the top is absolutely fundamental.
It does not matter what the job or occupation is.
But whatever they do they must be the first.
A common strategy specifically in the case of Bothrops is to be unable
to stand any competition.
When he has the feeling that he is powerful enough he will get closer to
his hypothetical master.
Then to do his best to betray him and take his position. They move to a
kind of physical elimination.
The issue of being a victim of someone else who betrayed them is another
common problem.
In psychiatric medicine Bothrops is the typical ‘borderline
personality’.
At the beginning they look like someone who is over-seducing you.
They will tell you that they are seeing you because you are the best
Doctor in the world!
This is part of the seduction.
This is the first step for the killing!
They put you as high as possible to shoot you in the best way!
In this attitude they have women masters friends and so on that betray
them.
They have tremendous expectations towards someone who should have been
an enlightening person and at the end it was experienced as a betrayal.
“It turned out that he didn’t deserve what I thought about him.”
The other thing is this attitude of ‘Pygmalion’.
Very often because of the need to be well-considered by someone else
they will consume one relationship after another and not be able to stay in any
one of these.
Very often they are left or not interested in the relationship after a
while.
For them it is not important to recognise someone else.
They are not interested in knowing another person.
They feel great if someone is adoring them recognising their power and
depending on them.
But he has to control by being the most powerful and the strongest.
If this is missing Bothrops cannot stand any relationship so will have
to break it off.
The seduction of Bothrops is to be smart and out of the common way of
thinking.
To give the impression that he knows something that nobody else knows.
If you say as a joke ‘You are stupid!’ it can kill them!!
They cannot stand this kind of tremendous offence!
It’s like saying to a Lachesis lady that she doesn’t look smart today!
They have such a fear of being discovered that this is not true that
whatever for them is a possible symptom of a decrease in the function of the
brain is a disaster for them.
[Paul Herscu]
When I think of Bothrops I am reminded of a story that I read in college
some years ago. It was of Damocles and his sword. As the story goes Dionysius
the king had a subject Damocles who lamented about how great it would
be to be the rich and powerful even for one day. Dionysius said great
come back and we will change places for a day.
The next day Damocles arrived to a feast in his honor. He ate the best
of foods prepared by the finest chefs. He drank the finest wines and enjoyed
the greatest of jewels.
By chance he looked up. He was shocked to find a very very sharp sword
hanging point down aimed straight at his head. It was held by a single horse’s
hair.
Horrified he asked Dionysius why it was there. The short version of the
story has Dionysius share that all the rich and powerful had such a sword
hanging over their heads. It was the difficult part the responsibility that
came with
the benefits of power. Needless to say Damocles gave up his desire to be
a king. Who can blame him?
The reason I am reminded of this myth has to do with a patient I consulted
on several years ago. He was a man who in the prime of his life all of a sudden
developed a pericarditis. With drugs it began to resolve only to return once
more. This time though the cardiologist noted that he was beginning to have
clots occlude his carotid arteries. With all the medical help he received with
all of the drug therapies he tried the clots were simply becoming more numerous
and larger. He had very little flow left going to his brain. They told him that
there was nothing more they could do for him. They did not know why the drugs
were not working. They had given up. It was only a matter of time until the
blockage would get so large as to end this vibrant young man’s life. And so he
walked about having this Sword of Damocles hanging over his head with the
thinnest of hairs holding it in suspension waiting for his time to run out.
Luckily Bothrops saved his life.
Bothrops is a remedy that is not well known to us. It has not had a
proper proving and has not been used in a grand way outside of a few types of
situations. The reason we do not use it as often as we should has to do with
the fact that it lacks known symptoms. In fact in the repertory it is listed in
only about eighty rubrics. That makes this remedy one of the smallest in our materia
medica. It is thought of for specific clinical uses such as thrombi strokes and
heart attacks during as well as after the attack.
It has such specific strong key symptoms in this sphere that the
pathology actually leads to the remedy. And so it goes in our community. The
remedy is given it acts in some of these situations and we confirm its use but
we still do not have a good picture of the remedy.
By studying a number of my own patients that benefited greatly from
using Bothrops as well as from a handful of cases that I consulted with
colleagues about I was able to find common ideas which lead to a Cycle of the
remedy.
In this article I shall describe some of these key features and see if
we can develop a fuller understanding of Bothrops.
The Cycle of this remedy as I see it is: Thrombi Formation leading to
Fullness which leads to Restlessness. The restlessness leads to Inflammation
which is followed by Discharges like Bleeding. The bleeding leads to Weakness
and finally to a kind of Paralysis which brings us back to the stuck sort of
Segment of Thrombi Formation. Let’s go through Segment by Segment and see how
this Cycle unfolds.
The first main idea or Segment is the tendency towards Thrombosis. As I
mentioned this is one of the main pathologies helped by this remedy. The
physical pathology is only one example of a generalized thrombosis a closing
up.
I have seen this tendency in many of my Bothrops patients. The easiest
way to notice this is to observe the paralytic effect on the face mouth and
eyes where they are basically closed. This paralysis we will talk about further
along
in this article. The point is that the closing off nature is a very
strong component of this remedy.
Interestingly the emotions often show this closed shut down tendency in
Bothrops patients as well. One way to see it is in their obstinacy. Bothrops
patients may feel quite strongly about their opinions. This is not necessarily
haughtiness or self-assuredness it is more an issue of getting stuck in one way
of being. Here it could be confused with Calcarea carbonica in obstinacy and
even more so with Causticum especially if there is also one-sided paralysis
along with being strongly opinionated. It is this strong stubborn opinion that
becomes problematic after a stroke. Bothrops should be added to the rubric Mind
conscientious about trifles in plain type.
After a stroke some people develop aphasia as we will mention later.
Here the Bothrops patient wants to say something but can not say it. They have
the clear image of what they want to say but are unable to do so. They use a
different word but are troubled or tortured by the fact that they cannot say
exactly what they want to say.
Think about it. The main point of language is to communicate. For some
of us if we can put our point forth if we can state our case it may not matter
what words we use.
But that is not so with Bothrops. Even though they make their point they
will be dissatisfied because the exact word in their brain is not the word that
comes out. It is a kind of obstinacy not being satisfied with strictly making
the point in fact frustrated by not making it the way they want to. It is this
dichotomy that disturbs them.
Sometimes people that have surgeries and come out of anesthesia with
these same symptoms. There is no clear diagnosis of a stroke and yet the
symptoms persist. Think of Bothrops in this situation.
The thrombosis can be a clot in the leg leading to a thrombophlebitis
with attendant symptoms. It can involve the heart and may lead to a
pericarditis or a heart attack. But most often for this remedy we will see a
thrombus in the brain leading to a stroke with major damage resulting.
Interestingly enough this tendency may become so strong so intense that the
patient may develop clots throughout his great vessels. I treated one man whose
carotids were nearly occluded.
Of course the most closed that this patient is is when he or she is in a
coma or unconscious during and after the stroke. If the symptoms match Bothrops
may be given at this time. Bothrops comas are serious comas; it is possible
that without aggressive intensive care unit therapies as well as giving this
remedy the patient may die.
Another place to see this tendency of thrombosis or closing off is in
the feeling like the throat is closing off. This is a typical symptom of other
remedies in the snake group and Bothrops has it as well.
Lastly one may need this remedy for a patient who develops tremendous
swelling and clotting in a wound which is purple and may remind one of
Belladonna or Lachesis.
The pains may also be cramping off anywhere in the body.
The next Segment is Fullness which accompanies the thrombi. For example
the patient may tell you that during the pericarditis he felt like a great
weight was sitting on his chest stopping his heart. Fullness in the stomach
aggravates him fullness in the head eyes ears or the throat all are common
symptoms of the remedy. Feeling full in the abdomen and not wearing tight
things just as seen with the clothing aggravation of Lycopodium or Lachesis are
also common.
We then can see restlessness in this remedy. I think it is in part a
discontentment with their state. This can happen before during and after the
actual stroke. He may feel that there is something wrong with him. Who knows
maybe he can feel on a subconscious level that something bad is going to befall
him. Surely after his first attack he fears what will happen to him. He is
dissatisfied with his situation. He feels all the little symptoms greatly and
thinks he will die from his condition. This is not so much an anxiety panicky
feeling but rather an internalized knowledge that this is the truth about his
current condition. He is doubtful of his recovery because he knows the
seriousness of his condition.
The restlessness is seen at night when he dreams of his condition and of
his fate. He tosses and turns and may wake up frequently from his sleep.
The restlessness is aggravating to this patient. One of the oldest key
symptoms of this remedy is the aggravation by eating. His stroke may come on
after a meal.
Similarly his pericarditis may be aggravated by a full meal. He may
develop some shortness of breath after eating.
When the restlessness leads to excessive motion as in getting up and
exerting herself it may eventually lead to fainting. So all in all we find the
person for one reason or another not doing things yet being extremely
dissatisfied internally with their health prospects and he becomes restless
from that.
There is an Inflammatory element in this remedy though it is much less
than for other snake remedies. This remedy spends most of its time in the
clotted stage.
The inflammations may be seen in the localized area where the clots
first developed. For example the blood vessels may become inflamed or
the patient may develop pericarditis or the leg may become inflamed from the
phlebitis.
The easiest place to see the inflammatory aspect is in the pains. The
pains are more severe and sharper than other remedies such as Lachesis.
In fact there is a keynote that the pains are so severe that they lead the
patient to shiver. In truth this shivering from pain is a rare symptom for the
remedy I mention it here to illustrate just how severe the sharp pains can be.
More common is the fact that the pains are worse from motion whether it be
chest pain or a headache.
The most dangerous place to see this inflammatory portion of the remedy
relates to blood pressure. Bothrops has a keynote of developing strokes from
hypertension. But the bigger keynote is to develop high blood pressure after
the stroke. It is as if the blood vessels changed in some way. As if due to
some clogging or due to some blockages the blood pressure changed to
accommodate the need for the blood. Now we find hypertension where there used
to be none. Before understanding the inner workings of this remedy this keynote
alone had led me to prescribe this remedy early on in my practice much to the
benefit of my patients.
The face may be mottled or dark red or purplish.
The inflammations may lead to Discharges. Bleeding is found in this
remedy though not as commonly as it is found in other snake remedies like
Lachesis. Here the bleeding is related to the clotting and is secondary to the
coagulation which is the main problem. So even though there is bleeding
mentioned in many locations it rarely shows up in practice. Do not deny someone
this remedy because they did not bleed enough according to your readings. The
thrombi is much more to the point!
Bleeding into the eye is a major symptom of the remedy. However there
are other remedies that have this symptom. And in fact looking at all patients
that have this symptom occurring it is the minority that will benefit from
Bothrops. However Bothrops is one of the remedies. It can be used in diabetic
retinopathy with bleeding. It is a main remedy for people who bleed in the eye
during a stroke. We also think of Bothrops in acute hypertensive crisis leading
to stroke.
Another form of discharge is the tendency towards loose stools and
vomiting. I would like to talk about this tendency for a bit and compare it to
Lachesis which has the extreme explosive component more commonly yet is
balanced off by a strong tendency towards constipation. In Bothrops we find the
exact opposite; we see its strong tendency to clump or coagulate which is
balanced off by occasional loose stools and vomiting. While both remedies share
these two poles they spend most of their energy on opposite sides. In Bothrops
patients the vomiting is followed by intense weakness and lassitude.
This brings us to the next Segment: extreme Weakness which is manifested
by both physical weakness and the mental confusion.
In the physical weakness we find a tendency to faint from exertion. One
person reported “Since the stroke I want to sleep all the time.” Another said
“I can’t function anymore… I have to sit all the time…I used to lift weights
I used to play professional sports. Now I cannot do anything with my
body…I am so weak I cannot eat.” Another person said “I pass out if I get up to
vacuum or clean the house. Faintness after a stroke or with thrombi occluding
major vessels are common characteristics. “Since the stroke my blood pressure
drops quickly and I faint,” is how one patient put it. During this time the
heart beats feebly; the patient is also chilly and has a pale blue
discoloration of the extremities. It feels like the heart is going to stop
beating. “All you want to do is sit or lie down and think on how your life is
ending right here and now.” So here we have the opposite of the main keynote of
the remedy the hypertension.
The weakness is also seen in vertigo. They may be dizzy especially when
they exert themselves as in rising from a chair standing too long or lifting.
They feel faint with the dizziness and want to lie down.
The mental weakness has to do with being able to keep focus especially
soon after a stroke. The patient may be really disoriented and may take months
to feel reoriented. The mind wanders as does the speech. This is easy to see
when you talk to some of these patients. Many tend to be quiet. But if you do
get a patient that is answering you fully you will notice that their speech
wanders. This is also seen in Lachesis but in Lachesis it is due to an
intensity that cannot be contained whereas in Bothrops it is seen when the mind
is so weak that the thoughts lazily trail from one to the other. This is not
the aphasia I am describing here I will do that in the Paralysis section below.
Here I am focusing on the weakening of the mind and body.
The patient may become more sleepy as well. Here it is not so much a
narcolepsy as much as the sleepiness found in post head trauma patients. It is
a mixture of weakness tiredness and sleeping from weariness due to the trial of
focusing and working the mind.
Paralysis is the segment that follows weakness and as such is another
main idea for the remedy. The most prominent symptoms that fit here are the
paralysis of the body seen in three different places. Keynote number one is the
stroke that leads to true aphasia. Where some people have a difficulty moving
their mouth that is less the case with Bothrops. Here the patient is able to
move the mouth but they have lost the words they want to say. This is not so
much the difficulty articulating as is found in Crotalus cascavella this is a
paralysis of the brain not of the tongue.
The way they deal with the paralysis of the brain is to use the wrong
words. They may get their idea across by using some words and by gesturing but
they use the wrong words. For example instead of saying window they say “that
hole,” or instead of saying door they may say “that wood” and point in the
direction of the object. They make their point but not with the words that they
wish. This leads to a paradox or a state of agitation as they are stuck on the
word they want to say. They may be as surprised at the word that comes out as
the listener but still they stick to the point. They may also try several words
out to find the one they want and even though they may try very hard they may
still not get it.
The second big keynote is the blindness. Bothrops is one of the main
remedies that have blindness after stroke. There may or may not be a reason in
the eye that accounts for this. There may for example be a hemorrhage in the
eye but the bigger keynote is that there is nothing that can be seen
pathologically in the eye yet the patient does not see. The symptom in the
materia medica says that they are blind in daylight mostly. I have not seen
this so much.
Mostly if they are blind they are blind. Do not be misled by that
symptom.
Lastly the paralysis may be of a limb the face or one side. The keynote
from the old literature is that the paralysis is right-sided; while this is
mostly true I have clearly seen the paralysis on either side. There may be some
paralysis of the throat as well where the patient has difficulty and may even choke
on swallowing.
I would like to make some final differentiating points between Bothrops
Lachesis and Arnica. Towards Lachesis let me say that many of the common
symptoms of Lachesis may also be found in Bothrops. However Bothrops tends to
be more inward more towards the closing thrombi chilly whereas Lachesis is more
excessive intense and hot. One interesting tidbit is the fact that Lachesis
craves oysters while I have found several of my Bothrops patients crave all
kinds of fish.
The differential with Arnica is an important one for several reasons
including the fact that because we know Arnica better we give it more
frequently. Arnica is also mentioned much more frequently in the materia medica
and therapeutic books. I think the easiest way to differentiate the two has to
do with the etiology. When the etiology is from the outside the remedy is more
likely to be Arnica. When the etiology is an internal process the remedy is
more likely to be Bothrops. Sometimes the etiology is an injury and the remedy is
Bothrops; where the injury is the final push of a process that has been going
on previously. The injury then creates or dislodges a thrombus and the rest of
the symptoms ensue. Even though the etiology looked like an injury really the
person was developing this state before. So injuries that lead to a vascular
accident of some sort and finally lead to blindness or paralysis should make
one think of Bothrops.
Hopefully this description of Bothrops will help to clarify and place
into context the few but important symptoms of this remedy to make it easier to
prescribe effectively. I would love to read about other practitioner’s
experience with this remedy and with treating stroke patients in general.
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum