Culex Anhängsel
[Alta
Vogel]
Culex musca
(Mosquito) Culex’s symptom picture also seem to indicate the tubercular miasm.
In terms of the quantitative tubercular keyword analysis,
Features
prominently, primarily on the account of the characteristic hectic and intense
activity / reactions of the tubercular miasm:
“The
headache is made worst by the least motion followed by intense vertigo which
comes on in the afternoon and is located in a spot over the right eye”
(International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
“Had been
walking all day and suddenly felt a dull pain in knee, not very severe at first
but became more intense as I walked along, and, finally, I was compelled to
limp” (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
“Soreness
of toes; between the toes excoriated; intense itching on top of feet; soles
tender to pressure” (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886). “Large
wheals, yellowish-white; intense itching; both better while scratching, worse
after scratching” (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
“The itching
of the vulva is so intense that she feels as if she could tear it to pieces;
this symptom returned at intervals for years and was cured by Culex” (Kent,
1904).
Tubercular
keyword activity is represented here with words like motion and restlessness to
illustrate activity in the quantitative analysis of Culex musca:
“All
symptoms, pain, itching, burning, < in a warm room and > in the open air,
although he is so tired and weak that he can scarcely move, cannot walk
straight, with soreness and aching all over the body, yet he is so nervous
that he
finds it impossible to keep still; there is almost constant motion of the hands
and feet” ( Kent, 1926).
“Sleep -
Restless and tossing about in sleep” (International Hahnnemanian Association,
1886).
“Limbs feel
heavy and have a sort of uneasy restlessness and feel better in the open air”
(International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
The
qualitative aspect of the tubercular miasm supports Culex as follows:
- Ideas
abundant, clearness ofMIND but their fatigue can lead to mental passivity,
confusion, and aversion to mental work
Mind -
MEMORY, general, active - weakness, of (Murphy, 1993). “During the whole
proving felt tired, as if I could not remember the subject, and could not
study. Cannot remember anything;
Constant
cloudy feeling in MIND with headache; cannot remember his lessons as well as
formerly, has to study harder. Disinclination to all work” (International
Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
- Love of
mountains, crave fresh air and open spaces
“There is
aching of the legs from the knee down; there is no position that will make the
pain less so he must get up out of his chair and take a walk in the open air”
(Kent, 1904).
“All
symptoms, pain, itching, burning, < in a warm room and > in the open
air…” (Kent, 1926).
GENERALS -
AIR - open air - ameliorate (Schroyens, 2001).
“> in
the open air, < in a warm room” (International Hahnnemanian Association,
1886).
- Tend to
be feverish, sweating a lot
“Stiffness
of tongue; numbness after scarlet fever, with ulceration of tip, very painful”
(International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
“Chill,
Fever, Sweat.-Dry heat at night at times” (International Hahnnemanian
Association, 1886).
“Hot, oily,
sticky, strong-smelling perspiration” (International Hahnnemanian Association,
1886).
“Then went
to sleep and woke up perspiring and feeling better” (International Hahnnemanian
Association, 1886).
“There are
hot flushes as if a chill would follow, followed by warm perspiration which is
strong smelling and sticky; this stickiness is also noticed in the saliva”
(Kent, 1926).
- Weakness
in respiratory system, leading to frequent coughs, colds and flu
“Constant
desire to cough and sneeze alternately, discharge of gobs of mucus from the
throat which does not relieve the inclination to cough” (International
Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
“On rising
in the morning in addition to the other troubles, must spend much time hawking
up from the pharynx dark green scabs and strings of tough mucus tinged with
dark blood and coughing from the trachea
green scabs
corresponding to the green discharge from the nose” (Kent, 1926). “A
distressing cough caused by burning in the chest; a whistling strangling
choking cough with red face and water running from the eyes or
it may be a
dry hacking cough, present day and night; there is constant desire to sneeze
and cough alternately with a discharge of quantities of mucus from the throat
which does not relieve the inclination to cough” (Kent, 1904).
- Sensation
of being caught, suffocated and compressed (a picture of a man being trapped in
a very narrow tunnel)
“Feeling of
oppression and anxiety in the chest with frequent desire to take a deep breath
and then expire with a sigh” (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
“A
sensation of fullness in the right lung, soreness on stooping, leaning forward,
raising the right shoulder, and with it all there is the sensation of a rubber
band around the right lung” (Kent , 1926).
“Sensation
as if soreness and weight in chest with slight pains in left axilla”
(International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
“A painful
condition when you consider the desire for deep breathing which is present with
oppression and anxiety in the chest; other symptoms give him much trouble; a sensation
of fullness in the right lung, soreness
on
stooping, leaning forward, raising the right shoulder, and with it all there is
the sensation of a rubber band around the right lung” (Kent, 1926).
- Time is
short, too much to be done
“He is so
busy scratching to relieve the itching and so busy walking to relieve the
restlessness that any interruption makes him impatient and ready to quarrel”
(Kent, 1904).
- Hectic
activity, uses all its effort to change, to get out
“When this
remedy is needed your patient will present to you a picture of something on
fire; he burns like something he would like to mention, and perhaps does
mention the place; the itching and burning are present every
where in
this remedy; he rubs and scratches wherever the eruption appears” (Kent, 1926).
- Burnt
out, going towards total destruction
“Feel very
weak and tired, cannot walk straight” (International Hahnnemanian Association,
1886).
Culex musca (Mosquito) Culex’s symptom picture also seem to indicate the tubercular miasm. In terms of the quantitative tubercular keyword analysis, Culex musca feature prominently, primarily on the account of the characteristic hectic and intense activity/reactions of the tubercular miasm: „The headache is made worst by the least motion followed by intense vertigo which comes on in the afternoon and is located in a spot over the right eye“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„Had been walking all day and suddenly felt a dull pain in knee, which was not very severe at first but became more intense as I walked along, and, finally, I was compelled to limp“(International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„Soreness of toes; between the toes excoriated; intense itching on top of feet; soles tender to pressure“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„Large wheals, yellowish-white; intense itching; both better while scratching, worse after scratching“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„The itching of the vulva is so intense that she feels as if she could tear it to pieces; this symptom returned at intervals for years and was cured by Culex“ (Kent, 1904).
Tubercular keyword activity is represented here with words like motion and restlessness to illustrate activity in the quantitative analysis of Culex musca: „All symptoms, pain, itching, burning, are worse in a warm room and better in the open air, although he is so tired and weak that he can scarcely move, cannot walk straight, with soreness and aching all over the body, yet he is so nervous that he finds it impossible to keep still; there is almost constant motion of the hands and feet“ ( Kent, 1926).
„Sleep - Restless and tossing about in sleep“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„Limbs feel heavy and have a sort of uneasy restlessness and feel better in the open air“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
The qualitative aspect of the tubercular miasm supports Culex as follows: - Ideas abundant, clearness ofMIND but their fatigue can lead to mental passivity, confusion, and aversion to mental work Mind - MEMORY, general, active - weakness, of (Murphy, 1993). „During the whole proving felt tired, as if I could not remember the subject, and could not study. Cannot remember anything; Constant cloudy feeling in mind with headache; cannot remember his lessons as well as formerly, has to study harder. Disinclination to all work“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
- Loves mountains, craves fresh air and open spaces „There is aching of the legs from the knee down; there is no position that will make the pain less so he must get up out of his chair and take a walk in the open air“ (Kent, 1904).
„All symptoms, pain, itching, burning, are worse in a warm room and better in the open air“¦“ (Kent, 1926 ).
GENERALS - AIR - open air ameliorate (Schroyens, 2001). „Better in the open air, worse in a warm room“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
- Tend to be feverish, sweating a lot „Stiffness of tongue; numbness after scarlet fever, with ulceration of tip, very painful“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„Chill, Fever, Sweat.-Dry heat at night at times“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„Hot, oily, sticky, strong-smelling perspiration“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„Then went to sleep and woke up perspiring and feeling better“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„There are hot flushes as if a chill would follow, followed by warm perspiration which is strong smelling and sticky; this stickiness is also noticed in the saliva“ (Kent, 1926).
- Weakness in respiratory system, leading to frequent coughs, colds and flu „Constant desire to cough and sneeze alternately, discharge of gobs of mucus from the throat which does not relieve the inclination to cough“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„On rising in the morning in addition to the other troubles, he must spend much time hawking up from the pharynx dark green scabs and strings of tough mucus tinged with dark blood and coughing from the trachea green scabs corresponding to the green discharge from the nose“ (Kent, 1926).
„A distressing cough caused by burning in the chest; a whistling strangling choking cough with red face and water running from the eyes or it may be a dry hacking cough, present day and night; there is constant desire to sneeze and cough alternately with a discharge of quantities of mucus from the throat which does not relieve the inclination to cough“ (Kent, 1904).
- Sensation of being caught, suffocated and compressed (a picture of a man being trapped in a very narrow tunnel) „Feeling of oppression and anxiety in the chest with frequent desire to take a deep breath and then expire with a sigh“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„A sensation of fullness in the right lung, soreness on stooping, leaning forward, raising the right shoulder, and with it all there is the sensation of a rubber band around the right lung“ (Kent, 1926).
„Sensation as if soreness and weight in chest with slight pains in left axilla“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
„A painful condition when you consider the desire for deep breathing which is present with oppression and anxiety in the chest; other symptoms give him much trouble; a sensation of fullness in the right lung, soreness on stooping, leaning forward, raising the right shoulder, and with it all there is the sensation of a rubber band around the right lung“ (Kent, 1926).
- Time is short, too much to be done „He is so busy scratching to relieve the itching and so busy walking to relieve the restlessness that any interruption makes him impatient and ready to quarrel“ (Kent, 1904).
- Hectic activity, uses all its effort to change, to get out „When this remedy is needed your patient will present to you a picture of something on fire; he burns like something he would like to mention, and perhaps does mention the place; the itching and burning are present every where in this remedy; he rubs and scratches wherever the eruption appears“ (Kent, 1926).
- Burnt out, going towards total destruction „Feel very weak and tired, cannot walk straight“ (International Hahnnemanian Association, 1886).
Saliva of
Culx. prevents clotting (as from other blood suckers).
Preface:
mossies are considered a nuisance, a pain, an angel of death.
All
manifest exquisite adaptation to their environment/= self-serving creature
without "purpose" (no essential food for other creatures/not a
pollinator/an aerator of soil).
Mostly part
mossies feed on nectar or other sources of sugar (rotting fruit).
They eat
"manna" - waste product of aphids.
Sparrows/crows/horses
very appealing to Culx-p.
Ants are
predators of newly hatched mossies.
Nature has
designed the limbs of the Culx to break off in a struggle. (they manage unless
they lose too many).
Afer
satiation (with blood acquired to assist maturing of eggs), Culx’s nutrient is
so heavy that she can barely fly.
(compare:
provers physical and mental state on last day of premenstrual period = day
before onset of flow)
She must
then find a hiding place where she can survive the few days required for her to
digest her blood meal and for her eggs to mature. To accomplish this, she must
find a safe, humid place to rest safely amid a jungle of predators.
(compare:
provers need to keep husband at a distance/other provers’ aversion to sex or
?/to being got at? in some way?)
Culx has a
remarkable ability to adapt and specialize. One feature: identical mosquitoes
that share the same gene pool may nevertheless form exclusive little tribes
which refuse to mix with outsiders. Indeed, a common house mossie from under
the grandstand at
Culx has
been found as high in the sky as 5.000 ft. (so can be windblown hundreds of
miles)/travel 7 - 8 miles to feed.
For tens of
thousands of years before humans evolved, Culx-species held to their
territories without much change. (compare: Good boundaries)
Culx-p.
left
Culx-p. = begleiter
fully domesticated = adapted to man made environments (breeding in water that
collects in window wells/basements etc./spends winters in warm basements and
attics/feed on our blood/live in and around our homes where they had regular
access to nutrition). Because only the most alert mosquitoes escaped our
efforts to eleminate them, natural selection allowed for Culx-p becoming most
agile/sensitive/even delicate in their feeding/is no accident that Culx-p is a
nervous little thing. If she weren’t, she’d never survive." (On the jacket
of the book, the authors say "what an elegant and hardy thing she
is". Don’t laugh, but I think this describes me - a weird mixture of
neurotic nervousness - fastidious elegant Ars., with something feisty and tough.). Culx-p
sensitTIVE to humidity (= warmth and moisture).
Transmits
[†]: yellow fever/malaria/filariasis/dengue/encephalitis/West
In most
species the females require a blood meal in order to mature their eggs/laid on
the surface of water. Different species of mosquitoes show preferences/in many
cases, narrow restrictions as to host animals/attracted by moisture/Lac-ac./Carb-diox/body heat/movement.
Control of
mosquitoes: elimination of breeding sites/application of surface films of oil
to clog the breathing tubes of wrigglers/use of larvicides (synthetic organic
insecticides used to destroy adult mosquitoes).
3 important
genera: Anopheles, the only known carrier of malaria, also transmits filariasis
and encephalitis. Anopheles mosquitoes are easily recognized in their resting
position, in which the proboscis, head, and Culex is a carrier of viral
encephalitis/in (sub)tropical climates filariasis.
Culx
pipiens pipiens is most abundant in northern regions in urban areas/Culx
pipiens quinquefasciatus abundant in southern regions.
Eggs lain
on the surface of fresh or stagnant water in tin cans/barrels/horse
troughs/ornamental ponds/swimming pools/puddles/creeks/ditches/catch
basins/marshy areas. Mosquitoes prefer water sheltered from the wind by grass
and weeds.
All
mosquitoes need water to complete their life cycle.
Not all
species bite humans/some prefer birds/horses/frogs and turtles.
Only
females take blood; males feed only on plant juice.
Mosquitoes
do not develop in grass or shrubbery, although adults frequently rest in these
areas during daylight hours.
Oil of
citronella is a type of mosquito repellent for space repelling. Oil of
citronella is the active ingredient in many of the candles/torches/coils that
may be burned to produce a smoke that repels mosquitoes.
Wear long
sleeved, white shirts and pants outdoors during peak mosquito activity time
periods.
Vegetation
Management. The most effective way to control mosquitoes is to find and
eliminate their breeding sites. Eliminating large breeding areas such as swamps
or sluggishly moving streams or ditches may require community-wide effort.
1. Destroy
or dispose of tin cans, old tires, buckets, unused plastic swimming pools or
other containers that collect and hold water. Do not allow water to accumulate
in the saucers of flowerpots, cemetery urns or in pet dishes for more than 2
days.
2. Clean
debris from rain gutters and remove any standing water under or around
structures, or on flat roofs. Check around faucets and air conditioner units
and repair leaks or eliminate puddles that remain for several days.
3. Change
the water in birdbaths and wading pools at least once a week and stock
ornamental pools with top feeding predacious minnows.
4. Fill or
drain puddles, ditches and swampy areas, and either remove, drain or fill tree
holes and stumps with mortar. These areas may be treated with the above Bti or
methoprene products also.
5.
Eliminate seepage from cisterns, cesspools, and septic tanks.
6.
Eliminate standing water around animal watering troughs. Flush livestock water
troughs twice a week.
7. Check
for trapped water in plastic or canvas tarps used to cover boats, pools, etc.
Arrange the tarp to drain the water.
8. Check
around construction sites or do-it-yourself improvements to ensure that proper
backfilling and grading prevent drainage problems.
9. Irrigate
lawns and gardens carefully to prevent water from standing for several days.
10. If
ditches do not flow and contain stagnant water for one week or longer, they can
produce large numbers of mosquitoes.
The
mosquito has a very wide tolerance of
environments hence it is everywhere. It breeds in ground waters with
still and moderate flow, clean and
contaminated, fresh and with as much
as 75% sea
water. Breeding continues all year round. In some places it is considered a
serious nocturnal domestic pest
attacking both inside buildings and outside but primarily the host
for this
species of mosquito is birds.
Pervigilans
complex (= Culex asteliae/Culex pervigilans/Culex rotoruae) from New Zeeland
ZEIT ONLINE
Umwelt
Das unterschätzte Tier Fortunas stechende Plagegeister
Sie durchstechen Jeans und fliegen auf Fußschweiß – Mücken sind perfekt dafür ausgerüstet, uns zu quälen. Von Leserin Ina Sinning.
Kaum ein Tier wird so schnell und ohne das geringste schlechte Gewissen totgeschlagen – und dennoch widersetzt es sich standhaft den meisten Ausrottungs- und Abwehrversuchen.
Wer denkt schon darüber nach, was die Mücke kann? Dabei ist sie im Vergleich zu ihren Opfern, den Menschen wie anderen großen Säugetieren, sozusagen ein David gegen Goliath.
Sie schafft es immer wieder, den Kampf zu gewinnen – durch List, Schnelligkeit und Raffinesse.
Natürlich sind sie lästig, diese winzigen Insekten mit ihren langen Beinen, die wir immer eine Sekunde zu spät erwischen. Aber die meisten der ungefähr hundert Stechmücken der Gattung Culicidae, die in unseren Breiten leben, sind völlig harmlos.
Die männlichen Exemplare können uns ohnehin nicht gefährlich werden. Es sind die Weibchen, die uns mit ihren Stechrüsseln traktieren. Und die haben es in sich: Obwohl die meisten Mücken
kaum größer als 15 Millimeter sind und gerade mal zwei Milligramm wiegen, können sie mühelos eine Jeans durchstechen.
Das Speichelsekret der Insekten enthält Substanzen, die die Blutgerinnung hemmen und dafür sorgen, dass das nahrhafte Blut möglichst schnell in ihren Rüssel gelangt. Außerdem enthält das
Sekret eine Art Betäubungsmittel, das beim Gestochenen die Schwellung auslöst und das dafür sorgt, dass wir vom Stich erst etwas mitbekommen, wenn es bereits zu spät ist.
Mit ihrem phänomenalen Geruchssinn spüren sie uns auf – und das, obwohl sie keine Nase haben. Stattdessen orten sie uns mit Antennen, an denen Rezeptoren für die unterschiedlichsten
Duftstoffe sitzen. So finden sie treffsicher die Stelle hinter dem Ohr, die wir nicht mit Mückenlotion eingerieben haben.
Früher hieß es, süßes Blut locke die Winzlinge an. Tatsächlich sind es aber Ausdünstungen und Körpertemperatur, die darüber entscheiden, ob die Mücken auf eine bestimmte Person fliegen.
Das insgesamt bevorzugte Temperaturspektrum soll bei 36,5 bis knapp unter 38° liegen und entspricht damit perfekt der Körpertemperatur des Homo sapiens. Bestimmte Geruchsnoten wie Ammoniak und Buttersäure, einem Zerfallsprodukt von Fußschweiß, üben auf die Blutsauger einen geradezu unwiderstehlichen Reiz aus.
Doch die flinken Tiere, die uns so überlegen scheinen, haben einen Nachteil: Wir können sie hören. Das Summen rührt von ihrem schnellen Flügelschlag her. Die männliche Mücke schlägt
bis zu 600 Mal in der Sekunde mit ihren Flügeln, summt also mit einer Tonhöhe von rund 600 Hertz. Das Weibchen ist etwas langsamer. Dank des Summens sind wir den Plagegeistern nicht ganz hilflos ausgeliefert.
Wer nachts vom nervigen Hochfrequenzton einer einzigen Mücke in den Wahnsinn getrieben wird, der könnte alternativ auch mutig still halten. Die Mücke sich hinsetzen lassen und einen Klaps auf der Stelle bringt Ruhe. Die Mücke kann zwar mehrfach stechen. Doch ist sie einmal satt, benötigt sie viel Zeit für die Verdauung und gibt währenddessen Ruhe.
Wer diese Kühnheit nicht aufbringt, könnte sich im Schlafzimmer ein paar Spinnen, Frösche oder Schwalben halten, die die Mücken gewissenhaft verspeisen.
Ansonsten hilft gegen die Plagegeister nur Muße, wie sie der Dichter Wilhelm Busch aufbringt:
Fortuna lächelt, doch sie mag / Nur ungern voll beglücken; /
Schenkt sie uns einen Sommertag, / So schenkt sie uns auch Mücken.
ZEIT ONLINE
wissen
Stimmt's? Bevorzugen Mücken eine Blutgruppe? fragt Wolfgang Schäfer aus Bottrop.
Warum stechen Mücken manche Menschen häufiger als andere? Die volkstümliche Erklärung mit dem »süßen Blut« ist Unsinn, aber Eigenschaften des Bluts können tatsächlich das Stechverhalten der Mücken beeinflussen.
Mücken orientieren sich am Geruch, nehmen neben der CO₂-Ausdünstung eines Menschen auch seine individuelle Duftnoten wahr. Und die Blutgruppen lassen uns offenbar unterschiedlich riechen. Der japanische Forscher Yohikazu Shirai berichtete 2004 in der Zeitschrift Journal of Medical Entomology von einem entsprechenden Experiment. Er ließ Mücken auf den Armen von 64 Versuchspersonen landen. Damit die Sache nicht zu schmerzhaft wurde, hatten die Wissenschaftler den Mücken vor dem Experiment die Stechrüssel amputiert.
Da Mücken wohl kaum das Blut riechen können, das in den Adern fließt, ist neben der Blutgruppe entscheidend, ob eine Person ein sogenannter »Sekretor« ist – das heißt, ob die entsprechenden Antigene auch in Körperflüssigkeiten wie Speichel und Schweiß enthalten sind. Das Ergebnis der japanischen Experimente: Sekretoren mit Blutgruppe 0 zogen die Tiere doppelt so stark an wie Sekretoren mit Blutgruppe A. Die Blutsorte
kann also tatsächlich das Stechverhalten von Mücken beeinflussen.
Technischer Schnickschnack wurde von der Stiftung Warentest durchweg für nutzlos befunden. UV-Lampen etwa ziehen zwar wahllos Insekten an, Mücken reagieren aber kaum auf Licht, sie lassen sich von ihrem
Geruchssinn leiten.
Hausmücken überwintern meist in Menschennähe. Ein kalter Winter macht ihnen daher nichts aus. Wichtiger sind die Wetterverhältnisse im Frühjahr und Sommer. Je heißer es ist, desto schneller entwickeln sich die
Larven, regelmäßige Regengüsse schützen vorm Austrocknen.
Eine Mücke kann bis zu 10x Eier legen, weshalb es im Spätsommer oft zu einer Plage kommt.
Tatsächlich lassen sie sich vom Schweißgeruch leiten.
Dieser ist sehr individuell. Manche Menschen kann die Mücke einfach besser riechen. Ansonsten helfen Mückensprays, von denen man vermutet, dass sie die Geruchsrezeptoren der Mücken ausschalten.
Vorwort/Suchen Zeichen/Abkürzungen Impressum