Krebs Anhang

 

           

[By Andy Ho] The Straits Times, Singapore Press Holdings group.

                       

'Catch' cancer? Yes, you can

A recent Johns Hopkins University study: if you have had oral sex with 6 or more individuals, you are thrice more likely to get oral cancer. Caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV).

The British Journal of Cancer reported that cancers of the anus, vulva and vagina have increased among 'baby boomers' because of increased HPV transmission among the age group that launched the sexual revolution of the 1960s.

All this in addition to the fact that 99% of all cancers of the cervix are caused by HPV, = now the most common sexually transmitted disease. A recent study showed that 28.5% and 50% of first- and third-year female university students in U.S respectively, who had had just one male sex partner were HPV-positive.

The HPV causes no symptoms and our immune systems generally clear it out of the body within 2 years. In 10% of infected women, it persists to cause cervical cancer. In all these cases, the HPV genome actually gets incorporated into the human genome. It then switches off the human genes that make specific human proteins which suppress cancers from developing. When these proteins are not made, cancers erupt.

If sex can transmit HPV that causes cancer in an unfortunate minority, you can obviously 'catch' cancer, even if it takes time to develop. We do not want cancer patients treated like lepers of old.

But this should not mean being skittish about taking the necessary steps - like being careful with food or eating utensils of a loved one with cancer - to prevent transmission, if any, of his or her disease.

Beside HPV, the World Health Organisation has identified other viruses that cause human cancers.

Epstein-Barr virus (lymphomas and nose cancer);

                        Epstein-Barr virus now known to cause Hodgkin's lymphoma in previously healthy people, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in those with suppressed immunity like organ recipients.

It also causes nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the nose cancer rare worldwide but common in Singapore, Malaysia and south China.

Transmitted by saliva, it also causes glandular fever, nicknamed the 'kissing disease' for obvious reasons. Yet the hospital dietitian advised my relative's wife to cook bigger portions. Her husband would then have more to eat and, for the sake of convenience, she could just consume the leftovers. No risk of catching his lymphoma, of course, she added.

                        The Epstein-Barr virus causes yet another lymphoma called Burkitt's, which usually appears as a jawbone lump that can double in size within 24 to 48 hours. The virus' genome

is detected in 100%of these cases, which usually occur in equatorial Africa.

Elsewhere, Burkitt's manifests mainly as abdominal masses. This week, local colorectal surgeon Francis Seow-Choen revealed in The Straits Times that he contracted it in 1964

when he was seven.

                        He obviously survived, Burkitt's being eminently treatable even back then. Not so non-Hodgkin's, which has a survival rate of only 51% in 5 years after diagnosis.

If its spread, or that of nose cancer, say, may be prevented by being careful with food and body fluids, why not say so?

hepatitis B and C viruses (liver cancer);

human T-lymphotropic virus, types 1 and 2 (respectively adult T-cell and hairy-cell leukaemia);

human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma).

 

Take the case of an outdoorsy Secondary 3 boy named Cao Yuanchi from Raffles Institution who suddenly developed leukaemia within days of completing an Outward Bound School course in January.

The leukaemia caused fatal bleeding in his brain. Did he catch something outdoors that triggered the fatal leukaemia?

Yet if you could catch cancer like that, oncology doctors and nurses should have extraordinarily high cancer rates. They don't.

However, this could be because, first, you probably do not catch cancer viruses from the air; and second, these professionals are meticulous in handling patient body fluids, the possible

vehicles of transmission of cancer viruses.

In fact, almost 20% of cancer cases is caused by infections, mainly viruses but also at least one food-borne bacterium called Helicobacter pylori that causes stomach cancer.

There are also two food-borne parasites, the Thai- and Chinese-liver flukes, which cause cancer of the ducts that serve to drain bile from the liver into the intestines.

The takeaway lesson here for family members? Don't be politically correct unto death.

 

Repertory:

Abdomen-Tumoren: Aur.-m-n. Bar-m. Helianth. Lob-erin. Sol-tuber.

Achselhöhlenkrebs: Ars-i. (links), Aster. Calc-sil. Chim-um. Merc-j-fl. Sil.

Adhäsionen: Bell-p. Calc-fl. Calc-sil. Fl-ac. Iris-t. (Appendix), Sil. Thiosin.

Aktinomykose: Hekla, Hippoz. Kali-j. Nit-ac. Sil.

Aluminiumvergiftung als Ursache: Bar-c. Cadm-met. Cadm-ox. Calc-ox. Plb.

Anus-Krebs: Alumn. Cond. Fuligo. Phyt, Spig. Syph.

Atherome (Grützbeutel): Agar. Bar-c. Benz, -ac. Calc-c. Con. Graph. Hep. Kali-c. Lact-ac. Lob-L, Lyc. Merc-j-r. Mez. Nat-c. Nit-ac. Olnd. Sil. Verb.

Augenkrebs/-tumor: Ars. Aur. Aur-m-n. Benz-ac. Calc-c. Con. Hep. Laur. Lyc. Phos. Sei, Sep. Sil. Staph. Sulf. Syph. Thuj. Zinc.

- Orbital-Knochentumoren/-exostosen: Kali-j. Sil. Symph. Syph.

Basaliom: Cist. (Nase), Con. Ferr-pic. Jugl-cin. (Nase), Mill. Phyt. (Nase), Rad-br. (Nase), Sol. Sulf. Thuj. (Nase)

Bestrahlungen, Folgen von: Acet-ac. Arist-clem. Ars. Cadm-met. Cadm-L, Carbol-ac. Cob-nit. Fl-ac. Phos. Pic-ac. Pluton. Rad-br. Sil. Sol. Stront-c. X-Ray

Bowen, Morbus: Cobalt-n.

Bronchienkarzinom: Carb-v. Fl-ac. Lyc. Nicoll. Nicoll-sulf.

Brustkrebs: Acon. (Akut, Palliativum), Allium-s. Alumn. Alum. Alum-sil. Anag. Anath. (Sykosis, Syphilis), Apis (akut, Palliativum), Apoc-c. Arg-n. Arn. (nach einem Schlag), Ars. Ars-i. Ars-

s-fl. Asaf. Ast-r. Aur-ars. Aur-m-n. (Ovarienerkrankung), Aur-s. Aster. Bad. (nach einem Schlag), Bar-c. (langsame Entwicklung), Bar-i. (nach einem Schlag), Bar-m. Beil. Bell-p

(nach einem Schlag). Berb-aqui. Brom. Bry (Akut, Palliativum). Bufo (mit Mundgeruch), Cadm-fl. Cadm-met. Calc-c. Calc-fl. Calc-i. Calc-sil. Calend. Carb-an. (rechts), Carbo-v. Carbol-ac.

Carbn-s. Carc. Card-benedict. Castor-e. Caust. Celastr. Cham. Chim. Chin. Cic. Cist. Clem. Coloc. Cond. Congo-red. Con. Dulc. Gali. Elaps, Ferr-i, Formal. Form-ac. Gnaph. Goss. Graph.

Hekla, Helon. Hep. Hippoz. Hoang-nan, Hydr. Hyp. lod. Kali-c. Kali-chlor. (nach einer Mastitis), Kali-i, Kali-m. Kreos. Lach. Lac-c. Lap-a. Lob-e. Lyc. Merc-j-fl. Merc-per. Merc. Murx.

Naja. Nat-cacodyl. Nat-thio-cyan. Nit-ac. Ol-an. Onosm. Ox-ac. Oxygen. PhaseoL, Phell. Phos. Phyt. Pix-l. Plb. Plb-j. Psor. (nach Verletzung), Puls.

Sabin. Sang. Sars. Scirrh. Scroph-n. Semp-tect. Sep. Skook. Sulph. Solan-ol. Sulf. Tarent-c. Teplitz. Thuj. Thyr. Tub. Urt.

Brustgeschwür nach Operation / Bestrahlungen: Hippoz. Streptom.

Brustkrebs beim Mann: Calc-p. (links), Sulph. (hinter der Brustwarze), Thuj. (Vakzinose)

 

 

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